Behavioral Regulation
Most current theories of motivation have
the concept of intention (e.g., Lewin, 1951) at their core. They are concerned
with factors that promote (vs. fail to promote) people's understanding of
behavior-outcome instrumentalities and engaging in efficacious behaviors to
attain those outcomes. This conceptual distinction between motivated and
amotivated actions – in other words, between intentional and nonintentional
behaving - has been described in various terms. These include personal
versus impersonal causality (Heider, 1958), voluntary responding
versus helplessness (Seligman, 1975), and internal versus
external locus of control (Rotter, 1966).read more...
Human Needs
Most current theories of motivation focus on
goals or outcomes and on the instrumentalities that lead to these desired
outcomes (e.g., Bandura, 1977; Dweck, 1986; lEkcles, 1983). Such theories are
concerned with the direction of behavior (i.e., with the processes that direct
behavior toward desired outcomes), but they do not deal with the question of
why certain outcomes are desired. Therefore, they fail to address the issue of
the energization of behavior. read more...
Self-Determination: Intrinsic and
Extrinsic Motivation
Intrinsically
motivated behaviors are engaged in for their own sake- for the pleasure and
satisfaction derived from their performance. When intrinsically motivated,
people engage in activities that interest them, and they do so freely, with a
full sense of volition and without the necessity of material rewards or
constraints (Deci & Ryan, 1985). The child who reads a book for the
inherent pleasure of doing so is intrinsically motivated for that activity. Intrinsically
motivated behaviors represent the prototype of selfdetermination- they emanate
from the self and are fully endorsed. read more...
0 comments:
Post a Comment